In Q3 2022, payroll employment increased overall at the same pace as in the first two quarters of the year: +0.4%. This is a fairly dynamic pace, although only half that of the 2021 quarterly average. At the end of September, payroll employment exceeded its level at the end of 2019 by 931,000 (or +3.6%). It was then above its pre-crisis level in all the major sectors of activity, whether in building construction, the tertiary sector or now in industry. Sandwich contracts, and especially apprenticeship contracts, have made a considerable contribution to this buoyancy in payroll employment since the pre-crisis period, increasing it by about a third. At the same time, self-employment also continued to increase significantly, driven by microenterprise creations, and by the end of 2022 is expected to exceed its end of 2019 level by 250,000...