For comparisons between European Union countries, refer to Eurostat indicators.

GVC 2023 is the fourth survey on global value chains.

The 2023 survey questions companies in the sense of the LME 2008 and is therefore only comparable with the 2020 survey, as previous years were collected in legal units.

The 2016 GVC-SME survey interviewed enterprises as defined by the 2008 LME but only covers the SME field. The data are comparable only on this sub-field.