Companies in France 2021 edition
This work provides an overview of the situation faced by companies in 2019. First, it addresses the wide range of situations that companies find themselves in based on the definition of company in the economic sense. Second, it looks at how France's productive capacity changed in the five years leading up to the health crisis. The consequences of Covid-19 pandemic on the business trajectories of French companies in 2020 and the characteristics and dynamics of employment in French start-ups are also analysed in two reports.
Characteristics and dynamics of employment in French start-ups
Kymble Christophe, Valentin Dillies (Direction Générale des Entreprises).
In recent years, start-ups have taken centre stage in economic news headlines. However, while this concept reflects entrepreneurship today, there is no clear consensus on the definition of start-up in either common usage or the economic literature. The term has several meanings, including young companies in the set-up phase, companies experiencing rapid growth in revenue or capital, innovative companies, and all of them combined. The four definitions reflect realities that sometimes differ in terms of changes in jobs, wages or even recruitment challenges. In fact, for all start-up populations, employment was more dynamic between 2015 and 2018 than it was for traditional companies, despite initially comparable characteristics. Managerial and high-level technical roles are abundant, with compensation varying depending on the type of start-up; in innovative start-ups, for example, these positions are less well paid and harder to fill than at other start-ups.