Data are collected through a survey.

Multiannual

SINE is an ongoing system to observe and monitor a generation (or set) of new enterprises every four years.

In this case, a generation is a group of enterprises created over the same period (the first half) of a given year. Each generation of enterprises is therefore only represented by the companies created in the first half of the year.

For each generation, the information is collected using three surveys:

• the first, a few months after the creation of the enterprise;

• the second, at the end of the third year of existence of the enterprise;

• the third, five years after its creation.

  The data is collected by means of a paper questionnaire, the data of which is then entered by an external service provider.

November 2018 to April 2019 (wave 1)

November 2021 to April 2022 (wave 2)

November 2023 to April 2024 (wave 3)

Legal unit

Not all new businesses are surveyed.

The samples of the 2018 SINE cohort are drawn from business creations registered in the Sirene register during the first half of 2018, divided into strata according to the following criteria:

• region, sector of activity and employment (creation with or without employees) for the questionnaire for creators excluding micro -entrepreneurs;

• the region and the sector of activity for the questionnaire with micro -entrepreneurs.

The method of drawing the sample allows for national and regional representativeness of the results.

Only surviving businesses are then re-interviewed after three and five years of existence.

The total SINE 2018 sample (first survey of the 2018 generation) includes approximately 24,000 creators excluding micro -entrepreneurs , and 56,000 micro

-entrepreneurs.

The second survey of this cohort took place in 2021 and the third in 2023.

The sample covers all of France, including the French overseas departments.

In order to reduce the statistical burden on companies, those selected for this survey are not surveyed as part of the annual sectoral survey (ESA).

80,000 units

Non-responding companies are contacted.

The raw data are cleaned and adjusted according to the methods described below.

Partial non-response is subject to imputation: correction of the data by cold-deck (on employment from the EPURE source, on turnover from the ESANE source) or hot-deck (imputation of the other responses to the questionnaire by donor/receiver).

Total non-response is adjusted by imputation, in two steps: imputation of activity status (active or ceased) using an activity status model, then imputation using a

non-response model. Successive reweightings would lead to having three sets of weights in the final file, one for each survey, at the end of the three surveys of the cohort. This would pose difficult problems for crossing several variables from different waves.

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