Informations Rapides ·
20 September 2024 · n° 234
In September 2024, the business climate is stable in services Monthly survey of services - September 2024
According to the business managers surveyed in September 2024, the business climate in services is stable. At 98, the indicator that synthesizes it remains below its long-term average (100) for the third month in a row. The business climate has retreated sharply in accommodation and food services, whereas it has improved clearly in real estate activities.
- The opinion of the business managers about their demand outlook and on the general business outlook has barely improved
- In September, the business climate has retreated very sharply in accommodation and food services and has clearly improved in real estate activities
- Revision
- For further information
According to the business managers surveyed in September 2024, the business climate in services is stable. At 98, the indicator that synthesizes it remains below its long-term average (100) for the third month in a row. The business climate has retreated sharply in accommodation and food services, whereas it has improved clearly in real estate activities.
tableauBusiness climate composite indicator
| Business climate composite indicator | |
|---|---|
| 2024-09 | 98.3 |
| 2024-08 | 97.9 |
| 2024-07 | 95.1 |
| 2024-06 | 101.0 |
| 2024-05 | 102.4 |
| 2024-04 | 100.1 |
| 2024-03 | 101.7 |
| 2024-02 | 99.9 |
| 2024-01 | 101.1 |
| 2023-12 | 100.3 |
| 2023-11 | 100.0 |
| 2023-10 | 100.4 |
| 2023-09 | 101.4 |
| 2023-08 | 101.6 |
| 2023-07 | 101.5 |
| 2023-06 | 101.5 |
| 2023-05 | 101.4 |
| 2023-04 | 102.9 |
| 2023-03 | 103.5 |
| 2023-02 | 105.2 |
| 2023-01 | 104.0 |
| 2022-12 | 103.5 |
| 2022-11 | 103.8 |
| 2022-10 | 104.9 |
| 2022-09 | 105.5 |
| 2022-08 | 106.5 |
| 2022-07 | 106.1 |
| 2022-06 | 107.3 |
| 2022-05 | 108.9 |
| 2022-04 | 108.3 |
| 2022-03 | 107.9 |
| 2022-02 | 112.0 |
| 2022-01 | 104.9 |
| 2021-12 | 107.3 |
| 2021-11 | 114.0 |
| 2021-10 | 113.2 |
| 2021-09 | 110.4 |
| 2021-08 | 108.9 |
| 2021-07 | 111.1 |
| 2021-06 | 112.6 |
| 2021-05 | 106.8 |
| 2021-04 | 91.4 |
| 2021-03 | 93.2 |
| 2021-02 | 87.7 |
| 2021-01 | 90.8 |
| 2020-12 | 89.2 |
| 2020-11 | 75.6 |
| 2020-10 | 87.6 |
| 2020-09 | 93.7 |
| 2020-08 | 93.6 |
| 2020-07 | 88.7 |
| 2020-06 | 77.5 |
| 2020-05 | 49.4 |
| 2020-04 | 38.1 |
| 2020-03 | 91.7 |
| 2020-02 | 105.8 |
| 2020-01 | 106.0 |
| 2019-12 | 106.4 |
| 2019-11 | 105.9 |
| 2019-10 | 105.5 |
| 2019-09 | 105.9 |
| 2019-08 | 105.4 |
| 2019-07 | 104.9 |
| 2019-06 | 105.8 |
| 2019-05 | 105.5 |
| 2019-04 | 105.5 |
| 2019-03 | 104.4 |
| 2019-02 | 103.7 |
| 2019-01 | 103.5 |
| 2018-12 | 101.7 |
| 2018-11 | 103.5 |
| 2018-10 | 103.2 |
| 2018-09 | 104.6 |
| 2018-08 | 104.4 |
| 2018-07 | 104.6 |
| 2018-06 | 104.6 |
| 2018-05 | 104.3 |
| 2018-04 | 105.9 |
| 2018-03 | 106.8 |
| 2018-02 | 106.9 |
| 2018-01 | 107.7 |
| 2017-12 | 108.8 |
| 2017-11 | 107.1 |
| 2017-10 | 106.7 |
| 2017-09 | 106.8 |
| 2017-08 | 106.7 |
| 2017-07 | 104.0 |
| 2017-06 | 103.5 |
| 2017-05 | 102.8 |
| 2017-04 | 103.1 |
| 2017-03 | 103.1 |
| 2017-02 | 102.9 |
| 2017-01 | 101.7 |
| 2016-12 | 103.6 |
| 2016-11 | 100.9 |
| 2016-10 | 100.8 |
| 2016-09 | 100.7 |
| 2016-08 | 100.1 |
| 2016-07 | 100.3 |
| 2016-06 | 99.2 |
| 2016-05 | 100.7 |
| 2016-04 | 98.3 |
| 2016-03 | 99.5 |
| 2016-02 | 99.9 |
| 2016-01 | 100.2 |
| 2015-12 | 97.1 |
| 2015-11 | 99.2 |
| 2015-10 | 99.4 |
| 2015-09 | 97.6 |
| 2015-08 | 98.5 |
| 2015-07 | 97.4 |
| 2015-06 | 96.8 |
| 2015-05 | 95.4 |
| 2015-04 | 93.9 |
| 2015-03 | 92.3 |
| 2015-02 | 91.4 |
| 2015-01 | 91.1 |
| 2014-12 | 91.3 |
| 2014-11 | 91.2 |
| 2014-10 | 91.1 |
| 2014-09 | 91.0 |
| 2014-08 | 91.4 |
| 2014-07 | 92.4 |
| 2014-06 | 92.2 |
| 2014-05 | 92.2 |
| 2014-04 | 93.2 |
| 2014-03 | 93.1 |
| 2014-02 | 92.2 |
| 2014-01 | 92.2 |
| 2013-12 | 90.8 |
| 2013-11 | 92.3 |
| 2013-10 | 91.8 |
| 2013-09 | 92.3 |
| 2013-08 | 88.6 |
| 2013-07 | 86.6 |
| 2013-06 | 85.8 |
| 2013-05 | 84.5 |
| 2013-04 | 83.1 |
| 2013-03 | 84.1 |
| 2013-02 | 87.0 |
| 2013-01 | 88.1 |
| 2012-12 | 87.1 |
| 2012-11 | 85.5 |
| 2012-10 | 86.0 |
| 2012-09 | 87.1 |
| 2012-08 | 87.4 |
| 2012-07 | 89.5 |
| 2012-06 | 90.0 |
| 2012-05 | 92.0 |
| 2012-04 | 95.6 |
| 2012-03 | 93.2 |
| 2012-02 | 91.8 |
| 2012-01 | 92.4 |
| 2011-12 | 94.5 |
| 2011-11 | 95.0 |
| 2011-10 | 97.2 |
| 2011-09 | 98.3 |
| 2011-08 | 100.5 |
| 2011-07 | 105.1 |
| 2011-06 | 107.2 |
| 2011-05 | 107.4 |
| 2011-04 | 108.9 |
| 2011-03 | 110.4 |
| 2011-02 | 109.2 |
| 2011-01 | 107.2 |
| 2010-12 | 106.8 |
| 2010-11 | 104.8 |
| 2010-10 | 102.9 |
| 2010-09 | 101.7 |
| 2010-08 | 100.7 |
| 2010-07 | 99.2 |
| 2010-06 | 98.3 |
| 2010-05 | 99.4 |
| 2010-04 | 97.8 |
| 2010-03 | 94.4 |
| 2010-02 | 94.3 |
| 2010-01 | 94.0 |
| 2009-12 | 92.6 |
| 2009-11 | 92.2 |
| 2009-10 | 90.6 |
| 2009-09 | 87.5 |
| 2009-08 | 84.1 |
| 2009-07 | 81.6 |
| 2009-06 | 77.7 |
| 2009-05 | 73.1 |
| 2009-04 | 68.9 |
| 2009-03 | 68.3 |
| 2009-02 | 73.4 |
| 2009-01 | 74.7 |
| 2008-12 | 77.3 |
| 2008-11 | 80.2 |
| 2008-10 | 84.2 |
| 2008-09 | 92.9 |
| 2008-08 | 94.9 |
| 2008-07 | 96.4 |
| 2008-06 | 100.8 |
| 2008-05 | 104.1 |
| 2008-04 | 106.6 |
| 2008-03 | 108.5 |
| 2008-02 | 108.5 |
| 2008-01 | 110.4 |
| 2007-12 | 109.0 |
| 2007-11 | 110.2 |
| 2007-10 | 110.0 |
| 2007-09 | 111.5 |
| 2007-08 | 112.3 |
| 2007-07 | 113.2 |
| 2007-06 | 112.7 |
| 2007-05 | 112.9 |
| 2007-04 | 113.1 |
| 2007-03 | 113.3 |
| 2007-02 | 112.4 |
| 2007-01 | 110.9 |
| 2006-12 | 111.3 |
| 2006-11 | 113.1 |
| 2006-10 | 110.7 |
| 2006-09 | 110.6 |
| 2006-08 | 110.5 |
| 2006-07 | 110.4 |
| 2006-06 | 109.1 |
| 2006-05 | 110.5 |
| 2006-04 | 107.7 |
| 2006-03 | 107.4 |
| 2006-02 | 106.2 |
| 2006-01 | 109.1 |
| 2005-12 | 107.1 |
| 2005-11 | 106.6 |
| 2005-10 | 108.4 |
| 2005-09 | 106.8 |
| 2005-08 | 107.2 |
| 2005-07 | 107.5 |
| 2005-06 | 108.2 |
| 2005-05 | 106.1 |
| 2005-04 | 108.0 |
| 2005-03 | 108.3 |
| 2005-02 | 106.4 |
| 2005-01 | 106.5 |
graphiqueBusiness climate composite indicator
- Source: INSEE
The opinion of the business managers about their demand outlook and on the general business outlook has barely improved
In September 2024, the business managers in services are a little more optimistic than in the previous month about the general business outlook for the sector: the associated balance of opinion has slightly risen and has reached its average level. At the same time, the balance related to the expected demand has increased again and stands just below its long-term average. Conversely, the balance related to the activity over the past three months has fallen back. The balance on the economic uncertainty felt is stable, for its part.
The balance related to the recent change of the selling prices has diminished and has reached its lowest level since July 2021, without reaching its long-term average. Conversely, the one on the expected change of the selling prices has rebounded, moving away from its own.
tableauExpected prices in services
| Expected prices | |
|---|---|
| 2024-09 | 2.9 |
| 2024-08 | 1.0 |
| 2024-07 | 2.9 |
| 2024-06 | 4.3 |
| 2024-05 | 2.8 |
| 2024-04 | 7.2 |
| 2024-03 | 8.2 |
| 2024-02 | 7.7 |
| 2024-01 | 6.8 |
| 2023-12 | 7.0 |
| 2023-11 | 3.7 |
| 2023-10 | 5.3 |
| 2023-09 | 7.6 |
| 2023-08 | 6.9 |
| 2023-07 | 6.3 |
| 2023-06 | 6.2 |
| 2023-05 | 7.0 |
| 2023-04 | 13.4 |
| 2023-03 | 14.1 |
| 2023-02 | 15.8 |
| 2023-01 | 19.1 |
| 2022-12 | 17.3 |
| 2022-11 | 12.4 |
| 2022-10 | 12.2 |
| 2022-09 | 10.4 |
| 2022-08 | 10.3 |
| 2022-07 | 10.9 |
| 2022-06 | 10.9 |
| 2022-05 | 9.9 |
| 2022-04 | 11.6 |
| 2022-03 | 7.7 |
| 2022-02 | 8.0 |
| 2022-01 | 7.4 |
| 2021-12 | 6.5 |
| 2021-11 | 6.3 |
| 2021-10 | 4.4 |
| 2021-09 | 3.3 |
| 2021-08 | 4.0 |
| 2021-07 | 3.8 |
| 2021-06 | 0.6 |
| 2021-05 | -1.1 |
| 2021-04 | -8.6 |
| 2021-03 | -7.6 |
| 2021-02 | -11.5 |
| 2021-01 | -9.8 |
| 2020-12 | -7.3 |
| 2020-11 | -13.0 |
| 2020-10 | -9.0 |
| 2020-09 | -3.4 |
| 2020-08 | -5.4 |
| 2020-07 | -8.6 |
| 2020-06 | -12.6 |
| 2020-05 | -22.9 |
| 2020-04 | -23.1 |
| 2020-03 | -3.4 |
| 2020-02 | 0.5 |
| 2020-01 | 0.1 |
| 2019-12 | 0.8 |
| 2019-11 | -0.4 |
| 2019-10 | 1.6 |
| 2019-09 | -1.1 |
| 2019-08 | -1.1 |
| 2019-07 | 0.1 |
| 2019-06 | 0.2 |
| 2019-05 | -2.0 |
| 2019-04 | -2.5 |
| 2019-03 | -1.0 |
| 2019-02 | -2.3 |
| 2019-01 | -2.2 |
| 2018-12 | 0.3 |
| 2018-11 | -2.5 |
| 2018-10 | -2.9 |
| 2018-09 | -2.1 |
| 2018-08 | -0.7 |
| 2018-07 | -6.8 |
| 2018-06 | -4.8 |
| 2018-05 | -2.2 |
| 2018-04 | -3.0 |
| 2018-03 | -3.2 |
| 2018-02 | -3.4 |
| 2018-01 | -2.4 |
| 2017-12 | -3.3 |
| 2017-11 | -2.7 |
| 2017-10 | -2.5 |
| 2017-09 | -2.4 |
| 2017-08 | -5.6 |
| 2017-07 | -7.0 |
| 2017-06 | -4.2 |
| 2017-05 | -5.1 |
| 2017-04 | -5.3 |
| 2017-03 | -3.7 |
| 2017-02 | -3.2 |
| 2017-01 | -6.3 |
| 2016-12 | -5.5 |
| 2016-11 | -7.7 |
| 2016-10 | -6.8 |
| 2016-09 | -4.8 |
| 2016-08 | -5.2 |
| 2016-07 | -4.7 |
| 2016-06 | -6.8 |
| 2016-05 | -6.2 |
| 2016-04 | -4.9 |
| 2016-03 | -5.1 |
| 2016-02 | -4.6 |
| 2016-01 | -8.5 |
| 2015-12 | -8.9 |
| 2015-11 | -5.8 |
| 2015-10 | -5.9 |
| 2015-09 | -7.5 |
| 2015-08 | -6.4 |
| 2015-07 | -6.9 |
| 2015-06 | -6.1 |
| 2015-05 | -6.2 |
| 2015-04 | -7.8 |
| 2015-03 | -9.8 |
| 2015-02 | -9.7 |
| 2015-01 | -11.4 |
| 2014-12 | -11.0 |
| 2014-11 | -10.3 |
| 2014-10 | -9.5 |
| 2014-09 | -10.6 |
| 2014-08 | -9.0 |
| 2014-07 | -9.2 |
| 2014-06 | -9.3 |
| 2014-05 | -9.9 |
| 2014-04 | -9.6 |
| 2014-03 | -10.8 |
| 2014-02 | -11.0 |
| 2014-01 | -8.4 |
| 2013-12 | -9.4 |
| 2013-11 | -8.5 |
| 2013-10 | -10.1 |
| 2013-09 | -10.4 |
| 2013-08 | -10.7 |
| 2013-07 | -12.3 |
| 2013-06 | -12.0 |
| 2013-05 | -12.3 |
| 2013-04 | -12.3 |
| 2013-03 | -12.0 |
| 2013-02 | -11.9 |
| 2013-01 | -9.8 |
| 2012-12 | -9.2 |
| 2012-11 | -9.6 |
| 2012-10 | -11.0 |
| 2012-09 | -7.6 |
| 2012-08 | -7.8 |
| 2012-07 | -4.3 |
| 2012-06 | -6.0 |
| 2012-05 | -5.6 |
| 2012-04 | -4.2 |
| 2012-03 | -0.7 |
| 2012-02 | -3.4 |
| 2012-01 | 0.5 |
| 2011-12 | -2.3 |
| 2011-11 | -4.3 |
| 2011-10 | -3.0 |
| 2011-09 | -1.6 |
| 2011-08 | -1.5 |
| 2011-07 | -0.3 |
| 2011-06 | 0.5 |
| 2011-05 | 5.1 |
| 2011-04 | 2.4 |
| 2011-03 | 3.5 |
| 2011-02 | 3.3 |
| 2011-01 | -0.1 |
| 2010-12 | 0.0 |
| 2010-11 | -1.1 |
| 2010-10 | -0.9 |
| 2010-09 | -3.1 |
| 2010-08 | -3.8 |
| 2010-07 | -7.7 |
| 2010-06 | -5.4 |
| 2010-05 | -5.7 |
| 2010-04 | -7.8 |
| 2010-03 | -7.5 |
| 2010-02 | -9.0 |
| 2010-01 | -8.5 |
| 2009-12 | -10.1 |
| 2009-11 | -10.1 |
| 2009-10 | -9.4 |
| 2009-09 | -12.4 |
| 2009-08 | -14.4 |
| 2009-07 | -18.5 |
| 2009-06 | -15.4 |
| 2009-05 | -17.8 |
| 2009-04 | -17.7 |
| 2009-03 | -17.1 |
| 2009-02 | -13.1 |
| 2009-01 | -13.1 |
| 2008-12 | -13.8 |
| 2008-11 | -9.6 |
| 2008-10 | -2.7 |
| 2008-09 | 0.3 |
| 2008-08 | 1.5 |
| 2008-07 | 3.4 |
| 2008-06 | 3.2 |
| 2008-05 | 3.4 |
| 2008-04 | 3.9 |
| 2008-03 | 2.6 |
| 2008-02 | 2.1 |
| 2008-01 | 2.2 |
| 2007-12 | 3.0 |
| 2007-11 | 2.7 |
| 2007-10 | 1.3 |
| 2007-09 | 2.3 |
| 2007-08 | 3.2 |
| 2007-07 | 3.4 |
| 2007-06 | 2.1 |
| 2007-05 | 2.9 |
| 2007-04 | 2.2 |
| 2007-03 | 1.5 |
| 2007-02 | 1.1 |
| 2007-01 | 1.8 |
graphiqueExpected prices in services
- Source: INSEE
The balance of opinion on the change in the workforce size over the last three months has sharply rebounded, but remains below its average. The one relative to the expected workforce size over the next three months is stable, below its own.
tableauEconomic outlook in the services sector
| Average* | June 2024 | July 2024 | Aug. 2024 | Sept. 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite indicator | 100 | 101 | 95 | 98 | 98 |
| General outlook | -7 | -5 | -10 | -8 | -7 |
| Past activity | 2 | -4 | -1 | -1 | -4 |
| Expected activity | 2 | 1 | -3 | -1 | -2 |
| Expected demand | 0 | 4 | -10 | -3 | -1 |
| Past selling prices | -3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Expected selling prices | -2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Past employment | 2 | -8 | -7 | -11 | -5 |
| Past employment except temporary work agencies | 0 | -3 | -6 | -7 | -4 |
| Expected employment | 2 | 1 | -10 | -2 | -2 |
| Expected employment except temporary work agencies | 0 | -2 | -5 | -3 | -2 |
| Economic uncertainty felt** | 12 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 12 |
- * Average since 1989 for the composite indicator and since 1988 for the balances of opinion, except general outlook (June 2000) and uncertainty (April 2021)
- ** Balance of opinion not seasonally adjusted
- Source: INSEE, monthly business survey in services.
In September, the business climate has retreated very sharply in accommodation and food services and has clearly improved in real estate activities
In September 2024, the business climate in accommodation and food services has retreated well sharply and has moved below its long-term average, for the first time since March 2024. This fall results primarily from the important retreat of the forward-looking balances of opinion on the activity, on the demand and on the general business outlook.
In professional, scientific and technical activities, the business climate indicator has retreated below its average level. The balances of opinion on the past and expected activity have sharply retreated, below their average.
In road freight transport, the business climate indicator has slightly deteriorated, after being stable during three months, and has moved away from its average. The balances of opinion on the expected demand, activity and workforce size have retreated. Conversely, those on the past activity and workforce size have increased.
In information-communication, the business climate indicator has risen again and stands just below its long-term average. In particular, the balances of opinion on the expected demand and on the workforce size have, past as well as expected, have sharply improved. The one on the past activity has significantly retreated for its part.
The business climate indicator in administrative and support services has increased again but remains below its long-term average. The forward-looking balances of opinion on the activity, on the demand and on the general business outlook and the one on the past workforce size have improved.
Lastly, the business climate in real estate activities has sharply brightened again and has reached its average, for the first time since April 2023. In particular, the forward-looking balances of opinion on the activity, on the demand and on the workforce size have sharply improved.
tableauBusiness climate composite indicator and balances of opinion by sub-sector in services
| Aggregated classification (NA 2008) at level A21 | Average* | June 2024 | July 2024 | Aug. 2024 | Sept. 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road transport (8%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 96 |
| General outlook | -18 | -20 | -27 | -25 | -22 |
| Past activity | -6 | -12 | -19 | -20 | -18 |
| Expected activity | -7 | -10 | -10 | -11 | -17 |
| Expected demand | -9 | -14 | -12 | -12 | -14 |
| Past employment | -5 | -6 | -4 | -6 | 1 |
| Expected employment | -6 | -10 | -9 | -6 | -10 |
| Accommodation and food service activities (8%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 104 | 102 | 105 | 97 |
| General outlook | -13 | -5 | -5 | -8 | -20 |
| Past activity | -7 | -2 | 4 | -20 | -22 |
| Expected activity | -7 | -3 | -11 | 3 | -15 |
| Expected demand | -9 | -5 | -7 | 6 | -7 |
| Past employment | -5 | 0 | -5 | -14 | -6 |
| Expected employment | -6 | -9 | -12 | -1 | -1 |
| Information and communication (29%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 103 | 97 | 98 | 99 |
| General outlook | 0 | 2 | -3 | 0 | -2 |
| Past activity | 8 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 10 |
| Expected activity | 9 | 18 | 14 | 6 | 8 |
| Expected demand | 10 | 22 | -7 | 6 | 11 |
| Past employment | 6 | 0 | -5 | -3 | 4 |
| Expected employment | 10 | 7 | 1 | -5 | 3 |
| Real estate activities (10%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 97 | 91 | 95 | 100 |
| General outlook | -4 | -1 | -9 | -5 | -2 |
| Past activity | 6 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 2 |
| Expected activity | 6 | 4 | -1 | 0 | 5 |
| Expected demand | 1 | 0 | -2 | -3 | 2 |
| Past employment | 2 | -8 | -7 | 5 | -2 |
| Expected employment | 3 | 0 | 2 | -5 | 1 |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities (25%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 100 | 96 | 97 | 95 |
| General outlook | -8 | -7 | -12 | -12 | -9 |
| Past activity | -1 | -3 | -6 | -1 | -5 |
| Expected activity | -2 | -5 | -7 | -6 | -12 |
| Expected demand | -5 | -6 | -11 | -11 | -13 |
| Past employment | 1 | -3 | -2 | -2 | 2 |
| Expected employment | 1 | 3 | -1 | -1 | -3 |
| Administrative and support service activities (18%) | |||||
| Composite indicator | 100 | 98 | 91 | 94 | 96 |
| General outlook | -3 | -3 | -5 | -2 | 1 |
| Past activity | 5 | -9 | -6 | -10 | -10 |
| Expected activity | 5 | 1 | -10 | -4 | -2 |
| Expected demand | 3 | 2 | -6 | -5 | -3 |
| Past employment | 7 | -19 | -10 | -15 | -7 |
| Expected employment | 7 | 6 | -28 | -3 | -5 |
- The figures in parentheses indicate the weights used to aggregate the sub-sector balances of opinion. The “other services” sub-sector is not displayed due to its low weight.
- *Composite indicator: average since 1989 (2006 for road transport); balances of opinion: average since 1988, except general outlook since June 2000 (2006 for road transport).
- Source: INSEE, monthly business survey in services.
Revision
The business climate indicator in services of August 2024 has not been revised (after rounding).
For further information
The composite indicators of business climate presented here are estimated independently of one another. Thus, that of the whole services cannot be deduced from the others. The same balances of opinion are included into their calculations, but they are not assigned the same weightings. Also, the indicators are scaled to have a long-run average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The climate series do not have the same historical beginning, so their standardisation differs slightly. Discrepancies may therefore appear from time to time.
For the three-modality questions, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the weighted percentage of “increase” responses and the weighted percentage of “decrease” responses.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
The responses to this survey were collected between 28 August 2024 and 17 September 2024; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 24 October 2024 at 8:45 am.
Documentation
Changes to business tendency surveys – October 2021 (pdf,181 Ko)
Abbreviated methodology (in French) (pdf,193 Ko)
Pour en savoir plus
The composite indicators of business climate presented here are estimated independently of one another. Thus, that of the whole services cannot be deduced from the others. The same balances of opinion are included into their calculations, but they are not assigned the same weightings. Also, the indicators are scaled to have a long-run average of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. The climate series do not have the same historical beginning, so their standardisation differs slightly. Discrepancies may therefore appear from time to time.
For the three-modality questions, a balance of opinion is calculated as the difference between the weighted percentage of “increase” responses and the weighted percentage of “decrease” responses.
This survey is part of the Joint Harmonised EU Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys, partly funded by the European Commission.
The responses to this survey were collected between 28 August 2024 and 17 September 2024; most companies answer during the first two weeks of collection.
Additional information (simplified and detailed methodology, nomenclature, etc.) is available on the “Documentation” tab of the web page of this publication.
Next issue: 24 October 2024 at 8:45 am.